mass planting, flowerbed, border, water garden, specimen
soil acidity
neutral soil, acid soil
soil type
sandy loam soil, loamy soil
water needs
moderate, high
light needs
full shade, semi-shade, full sun
cold hardiness zone
2 (-45 to -40°c), 3 (-40 to -34°c), 4 (-34 to -29°c), 5 (-29 to -23°c), 6 (-23 to -18°c), 7 (-18 to -12°c), 8 (-12 to -7°c), 9 (-7 to -1°c), 10 (-1 to +4°c)
poisonous or toxic
not poisonous plant
type of stem
erect
shelter in winter
shelter is not required
grass or fern height (cm)
70-100 cm
frost resistance
frost resistance
*Some characteristics are relevant for a temperate climate
